Engineering English
1 Resistor /rɪˈzɪstər/ Direnç
A passive two-terminal electronic component that opposes the flow of electric current and dissipates energy as heat. Its resistance value, measured in ohms, sets current and voltage levels in a circuit.
Electronics Engineering Terms in English
Electronics Engineering English covers the words behind semiconductors, PCBs, signals and embedded hardware — from transistors and amplifiers to logic gates and sensors. This free glossary lists the 60 most frequently used of the 415 Electronics Engineering terms in the Engineering English iOS app — each with IPA pronunciation and a working definition. In the app, every term also includes example sentences, translations in 21 languages, flashcards and AI conversation practice.
Component datasheets, reference designs and errata are published in English first — often only in English. Whether you are debugging a PCB with a colleague abroad or reading a microcontroller manual, electronics work is nearly impossible without this vocabulary.
Last updated: July 30, 2026 · How terms are selected and ranked · 🇹🇷 Türkçesi
Quick answer: The 10 most frequently used Electronics Engineering terms in English are Resistor, Capacitor, Diode, Transistor, Integrated Circuit, Semiconductor, Printed Circuit Board, Slew Rate, Inverting Amplifier, Non-inverting Amplifier. The full Engineering English library contains 415 Electronics Engineering terms with pronunciation, example sentences, translations and flashcards.
The 60 most-used Electronics Engineering terms, ranked by frequency
2 Capacitor /kəˈpæsɪtər/ Kondansatör
A passive component that stores electrical energy in an electric field between two conductive plates separated by a dielectric. It blocks direct current while allowing alternating current to pass.
3 Diode /ˈdaɪoʊd/ Diyot
A two-terminal semiconductor device that allows current to flow easily in one direction while blocking it in the opposite direction. It is fundamental to rectification and signal steering.
4 Transistor /trænˈzɪstər/ Transistör
A three-terminal semiconductor device that amplifies signals or switches current using a small controlling voltage or current. It is the fundamental building block of modern electronics.
5 Integrated Circuit /ˈɪntɪɡreɪtɪd ˈsɜːrkɪt/ Entegre devre
A miniaturized electronic circuit in which transistors, resistors, and interconnections are fabricated together on a single semiconductor chip. It packs complex functionality into a very small package.
6 Semiconductor /ˌsɛmikənˈdʌktər/ Yarıiletken
A material, such as silicon, whose electrical conductivity lies between that of a conductor and an insulator and can be precisely controlled by doping. It is the physical basis of all modern electronic devices.
7 Printed Circuit Board /ˈprɪntɪd ˈsɜːkɪt bɔːd/ Baskı devre kartı
A rigid or flexible insulating board carrying etched copper conductors that mechanically support and electrically connect mounted electronic components.
8 Slew Rate /sluː reɪt/ Dönüş hızı
The slew rate is the maximum rate of change of an amplifier's output voltage per unit time, typically expressed in volts per microsecond. It determines the amplifier's ability to reproduce fast signal edges without distortion.
9 Inverting Amplifier /ɪnˈvɜːrtɪŋ ˈæmplɪfaɪər/ Eviren yükseltici
An inverting amplifier is an op-amp configuration where the input signal is applied to the inverting terminal through a resistor, with the non-inverting terminal grounded. The output is inverted and amplified according to the ratio of feedback to input resistors.
10 Non-inverting Amplifier /nɑn ɪnˈvɜːrtɪŋ ˈæmplɪfaɪər/ Evirmeyen yükseltici
A non-inverting amplifier is an op-amp configuration where the input signal is applied to the non-inverting terminal and the feedback network is connected to the inverting terminal. The output is in phase with the input and the gain is 1 + Rf/Rg.
11 Open-loop Gain /ˈoʊpən luːp ɡeɪn/ Açık döngü kazancı
The open-loop gain of an amplifier is the voltage gain measured without any feedback network connected. It is typically very high for operational amplifiers, often exceeding 100,000.
12 Closed-loop Gain /kloʊzd luːp ɡeɪn/ Kapalı döngü kazancı
Closed-loop gain is the voltage gain of an amplifier when a negative feedback network is connected. It is determined by the feedback network and is typically much lower but more stable than the open-loop gain.
13 Voltage Divider /voʊltɪdʒ dɪvaɪdər/ Gerilim bölücü
A voltage divider is a passive linear circuit that produces an output voltage that is a fraction of its input voltage using two series resistors.
14 Input Impedance /ˈɪnpʊt ɪmˈpiːdəns/ Giriş empedansı
The input impedance of a circuit is the equivalent impedance measured at its input terminals. It determines how much current the circuit draws from the preceding stage.
15 Output Impedance /ˈaʊtpʊt ɪmˈpiːdəns/ Çıkış empedansı
Output impedance is the impedance measured at the output terminals of a circuit when all input sources are turned off. It defines the circuit's ability to drive a load.
16 CAN Bus /kæn bʌs/ CAN veri yolu
Controller Area Network (CAN) is a robust vehicle bus standard designed for communication among microcontrollers and devices without a host computer. It uses a differential signal on two wires to achieve high reliability in electrically noisy environments.
17 USB /juː ɛs biː/ USB
Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a standard interface for connecting peripherals to a host controller, supporting data transfer, power delivery, and device enumeration. It is widely used in consumer electronics and embedded systems for peripheral communication.
18 Wi‑Fi /ˈwaɪfaɪ/ Wi‑Fi
Wi‑Fi is a wireless networking technology that uses radio waves to provide high‑speed internet and network connections. It is based on the IEEE 802.11 family of standards and is ubiquitous in local area networks.
19 Ethernet /ˈiːθərnɛt/ Ethernet
Ethernet is a family of wired networking technologies commonly used in local area networks (LANs) to link devices over twisted‑pair or fiber optic cables. It defines the physical layer and data link layer of the OSI model.
20 Full Adder /fʊl ˈædɚ/ Tam toplayıcı
A full adder is a digital circuit that adds three binary bits (two significant bits and a carry-in) to produce a sum and a carry-out. It is a fundamental building block for arithmetic logic units.
21 ALU /ˌeɪ ɛl ˈjuː/ ALU
The ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) is a digital circuit that performs arithmetic and logic operations on binary numbers. It is a core component of a central processing unit.
22 State Machine /steɪt məˈʃiːn/ Durum makinesi
A state machine is a sequential logic model that transitions between a finite number of states based on inputs. It is used to design control systems and protocol handlers.
23 Propagation Delay /ˌprɒpəˈɡeɪʃən dɪˈleɪ/ Yayılma gecikmesi
Propagation delay is the time required for a signal to travel from the input of a logic gate or circuit to its output after a change occurs. It limits the maximum operating frequency of digital systems.
24 Setup Time /ˈsetʌp taɪm/ Kurulum zamanı
Setup time is the minimum interval during which data input must be stable before the active edge of the clock to guarantee correct sampling. Violating setup time causes metastability or data errors.
25 Critical Path /ˈkrɪtɪkəl pɑːθ/ Kritik yol
The critical path is the longest path through a digital circuit, determining the maximum clock frequency. It consists of logic gates and interconnections with the overall worst-case propagation delay.
26 RTOS /ɑːr tiː oʊ ɛs/ GZİS
An RTOS is an operating system specifically designed to manage hardware resources and execute tasks within strict timing constraints. It provides deterministic scheduling to ensure that critical tasks meet their deadlines.
27 Mutex /ˈmjuːtɛks/ Mutex
A mutex is a synchronization object that provides mutually exclusive access to a resource, ensuring that only one task can enter a critical section at a time. It often includes features like priority inheritance to avoid inversion.
28 Interrupt Service Routine /ˌɪntərʌpt ˈsɜːrvɪs ruːˈtiːn/ Kesme Hizmet Rutini
A subroutine invoked in response to a hardware interrupt to handle a specific event promptly. It must execute quickly and then return control to the main program.
29 Task /tæsk/ Görev
A schedulable unit of work managed by a real-time operating system, typically executing a specific function. Tasks have priorities and contexts that are switched to achieve concurrency.
30 Stack /stæk/ Yığın
A stack is a last-in-first-out memory structure used to store return addresses, local variables, and function call contexts in embedded firmware.
31 Stack Pointer /stæk ˈpɔɪntər/ Yığın işaretçisi
A dedicated CPU register that holds the memory address of the top of the current call stack. It is automatically updated during function calls and returns.
32 Worst-case Execution Time (WCET) /wɜːst keɪs ˌɛksɪˈkjuːʃən taɪm/ En kötü durum yürütme süresi (WCET)
WCET is the maximum time a task can take to execute under given conditions, a critical metric for verifying real-time deadlines are met.
33 Design Rule Check /diː ɑːr siː/ Tasarım Kuralı Kontrolü
A systematic verification process that examines a printed circuit board layout against a predefined set of fabrication and assembly constraints to ensure manufacturability and reliability. It catches violations such as insufficient clearances, incorrect trace widths, and improper via sizes before production.
34 BGA /biːdʒiːeɪ/ BGA
A Ball Grid Array (BGA) is a type of surface-mount package that uses an array of solder balls on the underside of the component to connect to the PCB.
35 Duty Cycle /ˈdjuːti ˈsaɪkəl/ Görev döngüsü
Duty cycle is the fraction of one switching period during which a switch or device is in the on-state. It is typically expressed as a percentage and is a critical parameter in pulse-width modulation and converters.
36 Linear Regulator /ˈlɪniər ˈrɛɡjʊleɪtər/ Doğrusal regülatör
A linear regulator is an electronic component that maintains a constant output voltage by dissipating excess power as heat, using a transistor operating in its linear region. It provides low output noise and fast transient response but typically has lower efficiency than switching regulators.
37 Reference Voltage /ˈrɛfərəns ˈvoʊltɪdʒ/ Referans voltajı
A stable and precise voltage used as a standard for comparison or calibration in electronic circuits. It forms the basis for voltage regulation, analog-to-digital conversion, and threshold detection in power supply designs.
38 Switching Frequency /ˈswɪtʃɪŋ ˈfriːkwənsi/ Anahtarlama frekansı
The rate at which a switching regulator's power transistor turns on and off per second, typically measured in kilohertz or megahertz. It influences the size of external components, efficiency, and output ripple characteristics.
39 Doping /ˈdoʊpɪŋ/ Katkılama
Doping is the deliberate introduction of impurities into an intrinsic semiconductor to modify its electrical conductivity. It is a fundamental process for creating p-type and n-type regions in semiconductor devices.
40 Band Gap /bænd ɡæp/ Bant aralığı
The band gap is the energy difference between the valence band and the conduction band in a solid material. It determines whether a material behaves as a conductor, semiconductor, or insulator, and is critical for optoelectronic device design.
41 P-n Junction /piː ɛn dʒʌŋkʃən/ P-n eklemi
The boundary or interface between p-type and n-type semiconductor materials. It is the fundamental building block of diodes, transistors, and many other semiconductor devices.
42 Threshold Voltage /ˈθrɛʃhoʊld ˈvoʊltɪdʒ/ Eşik gerilimi
The minimum gate-to-source voltage required to create a conducting channel in a MOSFET. Below this voltage, the transistor remains in the cutoff region.
43 Spectrum Analyzer /ˈspɛktrəm ˈænəlaɪzər/ Spektrum analizörü
A spectrum analyzer is an instrument that displays the amplitude of signals versus frequency within a given frequency range. It is used to measure the spectral content of electronic signals.
44 Line Impedance Stabilization Network /laɪn ɪmˈpiːdəns ˌsteɪbəlaɪˈzeɪʃən ˈnɛtwɜːrk/ Hat empedans stabilizasyon ağı
A line impedance stabilization network (LISN) is a device inserted between the power mains and an equipment under test to provide a stable impedance at radio frequencies. It also isolates the test setup from the mains and allows measurement of conducted emissions.
45 Pre-compliance Testing /priː kəmˈplaɪəns ˈtɛstɪŋ/ Ön uyumluluk testi
Pre-compliance testing is an informal assessment performed during product development to identify potential EMC or safety issues before formal certification testing. It uses less rigorous methods but provides early feedback for design corrections.
46 Inductor /ɪnˈdʌktər/ İndüktör (bobin)
A passive component, typically a coil of wire, that stores energy in a magnetic field when current flows through it. It opposes changes in current and is measured in henries.
47 LED /ˌɛl iː ˈdiː/ LED
A semiconductor diode that emits light when forward current flows through its junction. It converts electrical energy directly into light with high efficiency and long lifetime.
48 MOSFET /ˈmɒsfɛt/ MOSFET
A field-effect transistor whose conduction between drain and source is controlled by the voltage on an insulated gate. It offers very high input impedance and efficient switching.
49 Operational Amplifier /ˌɒpəˈreɪʃənəl ˈæmplɪfaɪər/ İşlemsel yükselteç
A high-gain, direct-coupled voltage amplifier with differential inputs and usually a single output. With external feedback networks it performs amplification, filtering, and mathematical operations on signals.
50 Microcontroller /ˌmaɪkroʊkənˈtroʊlər/ Mikrodenetleyici
A compact integrated circuit containing a processor core, memory, and programmable input-output peripherals on one chip. It executes stored firmware to control embedded devices.
51 Logic Gate /ˈlɒdʒɪk ɡeɪt/ Mantık kapısı
An elementary digital circuit that performs a Boolean operation such as AND, OR, or NOT on one or more binary inputs. Combinations of logic gates implement all digital computation.
52 Amplifier /ˈæmplɪfaɪər/ Yükselteç
An electronic circuit or device that increases the power, voltage, or current of an input signal without significantly altering its waveform.
53 Gain /ɡeɪn/ Kazanç
The ratio of a circuit's output signal magnitude to its input signal magnitude, often expressed in decibels.
54 Bandwidth /ˈbændwɪdθ/ Bant genişliği
The range of frequencies over which a circuit or system operates effectively, typically defined between its lower and upper cutoff frequencies.
55 Filter /ˈfɪltər/ Filtre
A circuit that passes signals within a desired frequency range while rejecting or attenuating components outside that range.
56 Digital Circuit /ˈdɪdʒɪtl̩ ˈsɜːkɪt/ Dijital devre
An electronic circuit that processes signals represented as discrete logic levels, typically high and low voltages corresponding to binary ones and zeros.
57 Memory /ˈmɛməri/ Bellek
An electronic component or subsystem that stores digital data so it can be written, retained, and read back by a processor or other circuitry.
58 Microprocessor /ˌmaɪkrəʊˈprəʊsɛsə/ Mikroişlemci
A single integrated circuit that contains the central processing unit of a computer, executing instructions fetched from memory to perform computation and control.
59 Embedded System /ɪmˈbɛdɪd ˈsɪstəm/ Gömülü sistem
A combination of computer hardware and software built into a larger device to perform a dedicated function, often under real-time and resource constraints.
60 Firmware /ˈfɜːmwɛə/ Firmware (bellenim)
Low-level software stored in non-volatile memory that directly controls a device's hardware and is rarely changed after deployment except through updates.
Electronics Engineering terms — frequently asked questions
What are the most common Electronics Engineering terms in English?
The 10 most frequently used Electronics Engineering terms in the Engineering English library are Resistor, Capacitor, Diode, Transistor, Integrated Circuit, Semiconductor, Printed Circuit Board, Slew Rate, Inverting Amplifier, Non-inverting Amplifier. This page lists the top 60 of 415 terms, ranked by usage frequency.
How many Electronics Engineering terms are in the Engineering English app?
415. Each one includes an IPA pronunciation, a plain-English definition, a real example sentence and translations in 21 languages; the 60 most frequent are free to browse on this page.
How do you pronounce Electronics Engineering terms in English?
Every term on this page shows its IPA transcription — for example Resistor is pronounced /rɪˈzɪstər/, Capacitor is /kəˈpæsɪtər/ and Diode is /ˈdaɪoʊd/. The Engineering English app also plays audio for each term and checks your pronunciation with speech recognition.
355 more Electronics Engineering terms in the app
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